To adopt, promulgate, amend, and rescind rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of the legislation and the policies and practices of the Foundation. It is my view that most of the remainder of the classified scientific material should be released as soon as there is ground for belief that the enemy will not be able to turn it against us in this war. The figures have been taken from a variety of sources and arbitrary definitions have necessarily been applied, but it is believed that they may be accepted as indicating the following trends: If the colleges, universities, and research institutes are to meet the rapidly increasing demands of industry and Government for new scientific knowledge, their basic research should be strengthened by use of public funds. Science: The Endless Frontier | U.S. Government Bookstore Skip to main content Browse All Topics 50% OFF GPOverstock SALE Business & Economics GPOverstock Sale Congress GPOverstock Sale Consumer GPOverstock Sale Education & Libraries GPOverstock Sale Emergency Response GPOverstock Sale Environment & Nature GPOverstock Sale ", * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, "The uses to which high ability in youth can be put are various and, to a large extent, are determined by social pressures and rewards. Close Dialog Download book. SCIENCE, THE ENDLESS FRONTIER AT 75. This point has been well stated by the Moe Committee as follows: "As citizens, as good citizens, we therefore think that we must have in mind while examining the question before us -- the discovery and development of scientific talent -- the needs of the whole national welfare. We have been directing the energies of our scientists to the development of weapons and materials and methods, on a large number of relatively narrow projects initiated and controlled by the Office of Scientific Research and Development and other Government agencies. Division of Scientific Personnel and Education. V-2 was countered only by the capture of the launching sites. There must be a stream of new scientific knowledge to turn the wheels of private and public enterprise. The Members should serve without compensation but should be entitled to their expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. Metrics details. Science, by itself, provides no panacea for individual, social, and economic ills. There is no body within the Government charged with formulating or executing a national science policy. off. It should, moreover, have sufficient recognition to secure prompt and practical decisions. . Publication: Science. The development of such materials and methods to the point at which they become available to medical practitioners requires teamwork involving the medical schools, the science departments of universities, Government and the pharmaceutical industry. In computer science and artificial intelligence, there has been a recent thread of work on citation recommendation, concerned with identifying relevant citations given a piece of text and possibly other meta-data (e.g., authors, etc.) The simplest and most effective way in which the Government can strengthen industrial research is to support basic research and to develop scientific talent. The mobilization of science behind the lines is aiding the fighting men at the front to win the war and to shorten it; and it has resulted incidentally in the accumulation of a vast amount of experience and knowledge of the application of science to particular problems, much of which can be put to use when the war is over. Language English Pages 184 Uncertainties as to the attitude of the Bureau of Internal Revenue regarding the deduction of research and development expenses are a deterrent to research expenditure. This Report recommended that the federal government accept new responsibilities for promoting the flow of new scientific knowledge and the development of scientific talent in youth. 2021. Working against time, the Office of Scientific Research and Development has been obliged to enforce this practice during the war, although it was realized by all concerned that it was an emergency measure which prevented the continuous cross-fertilization so essential to fruitful scientific effort. Save. Plans for release of such information should be coordinated with our allies to minimize danger of international friction which would result from sporadic uncontrolled release. Risk of bias assessment. We have a serious deficit in scientific personnel partly because the men who would have studied science in the colleges and universities have been serving in the Armed Forces. The benefits of basic research do not reach all industries equally or at the same speed. To review and balance the financial requirements of the several Divisions and to propose to the President the annual estimate for the funds required by each Division. This has always been true and is likely to remain so. Whereas in 1930 they were six times as large as the research expenditures of the colleges, universities, and research institutes, by 1940 they were nearly ten times as large. The establishment of the new agency, including a civilian military research group, should not be delayed by the existence of the Research Board for National Security, which is a temporary measure. Science, the endless frontier First published in 1960 Subjects Science and state , Influence , World War, 1939-1945 , Research Places United States Edit Science, the endless frontier This edition was published in New York. Although these frontiers have more or less disappeared, the frontier of science remains. In recent decades, Chinese researchers have become preeminent contributors to the scientific enterprise, as reflected by the number of publications originating from Chinese research institutions. It creates the fund from which the practical applications of knowledge must be drawn. 2A Jiangtai Road, Chaoyang District At the outset these Divisions should be: 2. Finally, the normal vouchering requirements of the General Accounting Office with respect to detailed itemization or substantiation of vouchers submitted under cost contracts should be relaxed for research contractors. They should be persons of broad interest in and understanding of the peculiarities of scientific research and education. The Routledge Handbook of Literature and Space maps the key areas of spatiality within literary studies, offering a comprehensive overview but also pointing towards new and exciting directions of study. The classic case for why government must support sciencewith a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today. research is the exploration of the unknown and is necessarily speculative. 2. There should now be permanent civilian activity to supplement the research work of the Services in other scientific fields so as to carry on in time of peace some part of the activities of the emergency war-time Office of Scientific Research and Development. We cannot again rely on our allies to hold off the enemy while we struggle to catch up. . I. - 1. PUB L I C. VA L U E. SCIE NCE SCIE NCE. To satisfy these considerations I recommend the establishment of a Board, made up equally of scientists and military men, whose function would be to pass upon the declassification and to control the release for publication of scientific information which is now classified. - It should be the function of this Division to support and to supervise the grant of scholarships and fellowships in science. This is essential reading for anyone who cares about the future of science in America. - In order to insure that men of great competence and experience may be designated as Members of the Foundation and as members of the several professional Divisions, the legislation creating the Foundation should contain specific authorization so that the Members of the Foundation and the Members of the Divisions may also engage in private and gainful employment, notwithstanding the provisions of any other laws: provided, however, that no compensation for such employment is received in any form from any profit-making institution which receives funds under contract, or otherwise, from the Division or Divisions of the Foundation with which the individual is concerned. Apart from teaching, however, the primary obligation of the medical schools and universities is to continue the traditional function of such institutions, namely, to provide the individual worker with an opportunity for free, untrammeled study of nature, in the directions and by the methods suggested by his interests, curiosity, and imagination. They should receive their expenses and compensation for their services at a per diem rate of, say, $50 while engaged on business of the Foundation, but no division member should receive more than, say, $10,000 compensation per year. The program proposed by the Moe Committee in Appendix 4 would provide 24,000 undergraduate scholarships and 900 graduate fellowships and would cost about $30,000,000 annually when in full operation. When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. Adherence to the usual procedures in the case of research contracts will impair the efficiency of research operations and will needlessly increase the cost of the work of the Government. The Members of the Foundation should have the following functions, powers, and duties: And with the advice of the National Research Foundation Divisions concerned -, 2. Plans for the discovery and development of scientific talent must be related to the other needs of society for high ability. Phone: +1 609 258 4900 In the nineteenth century, Yankee mechanical ingenuity, building largely upon the basic discoveries of European scientists, could greatly advance the technical arts. Rather, the decline represents a substantive shift in science and technology, . These issues are more urgent than ever. As President Roosevelt observed, the annual deaths from one or two diseases are far in excess of the total number of American lives lost in battle during this war. 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